The synthetic data

Figure a shows a synthetic shot gather for a 1-D medium. This gather is corrupted with internal multiples only. Figure b displays the internal multiple model.

 

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Figure 6 (a) A synthetic shot gather infested with internal multiples. (b) The internal multiples model obtained using the Common Focus Point technology Berkhout and Verschuur (1999). This model matches the internal multiples in (a).

For the sake of focusing only on the multiple subtraction, and not on the prediction, this internal multiple model is exact and could be directly subtracted from the data in Figure a. Note that the amplitude of the internal multiples is significantly lower than the amplitude of the primaries, making the $\ell^2$ norm unsuitable for estimating the shaping filters.